Sunday, June 3, 2018

A00945 - Samuel Kountz, Leader in Transplant Surgery




, Page 00006The New York Times Archives

Dr. Samuel L. Kountz, an international leader in transplant surgery, died yesterday at his home in Great Neck, L.I., after a long illness. He was 51 years old.
In 1977, following a trip to South Africa as a visiting professor, he became ill. The illness was never diagnosed. However, he remained brain-damaged the remainder of his life and had to be cared for at home.
Occasionally, he was able to sit up in bed, and he apparently recognized certain things, but he was unable to speak. He responded emotionally with tears or laughter, and sometimes he recognized people.
At the time he fell ill, he had been head of surgery at the Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn for five years and had performed 500 kidney transplants, then believed to be the most in the world. He was also chief of general surgery at Kings County Hospital Center. A Deep Social Drive
Dr. Kountz previously was associated with the University of California School of Medicine in San Francisco, where he helped advance the techniques in transplanting kidneys.
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He had a deep social drive beyond his scientific interest in advancing transplant surgery. He told friends that an important reason why he moved to Brooklyn was to improve medical care for the black community.
He once sat in the emergency room of Kings County Hospital to see how patients were treated. Dr. Kountz's interest in medicine stemmed from an incident when he was a young boy in Lexa, Ark., where he was born. He accompanied an injured friend to the local hospital. Moved by the ability of doctors to ease the friend's suffering, he decided to become a physician. His father, a Baptist minister, and his grandmother, who had been born into slavery, encouraged him.
In 1952, he graduated third in his class at the Agricultural, Mechanical and Normal College of Arkansas. Dr. Kountz went on to graduate school at the University of Arkansas, where he earned a master's degree in chemistry. First Black in Medical School
He told friends that when he was a graduate student, he met Senator J. W. Fulbright, who advised him to apply for a scholarship to medical school. He won it on a competitive basis and became the first black to enter the University of Arkansas Medical School at Little Rock.
Dr. Kountz interned at San Francisco General Hospital and then spent seven years in surgical training at the Stanford Medical Center. While there, he did animal experiments on kidney transplantation and immunology.
Dr. Kountz discovered that large doses of a drug called methylprednisolone could help reverse the acute rejection of a transplanted kidney. That steroid drug was used for many years in the standard management of kidney transplant patients. Other researchers took advantage of Dr. Kountz's observations and used similar large doses of methylprednisolone in the treatment of many other conditions.
When he moved to the University of California in 1967, he worked with other researchers to develop the prototype of a machine that now is able to preserve kidneys for up to 50 hours from the time they are removed from a donor's body. The machine is used worldwide and is named the Belzer kidney perfusion machine in honor of Dr. Kuntz's partner, Dr. Folkert O. Belzer. Urged Donation of Organs
At the University of California at San Francisco and at Downstate Medical Center, Dr. Kountz and his colleagues advanced tissue typing tests to improve the results of kidney transplantation.
One of his major efforts was to help persuade the public to donate kidneys and other organs to help save the lives of others. Dr. Kountz is survived by his wife, Grace;, three children, Donald, Keith and Ellen; his parents, the Rev. and Mrs. J. S. Kountz of West Helena, Ark; two brothers, Eugene and Calvin, both of Cleveland.
Interment will be today at All Saints Episcopal Cemetery in Great Neck at 11:30 A.M. A memorial service will be held at 11 A.M. Tuesday at the Downstate Medical Center.

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Samuel Lee Kountz Jr. (October 30, 1930 – December 23, 1981) was an African-American kidney transplantation surgeon from LexaArkansas. He was most distinguished for his pioneering work in the field of kidney transplantations, and in research, discoveries, and inventions in Renal Science. In 1961, while working at the Stanford University Medical Center, he performed the first successful Kidney transplant between humans who were not identical twins. Six years later, he and a team of researchers at the University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, developed the prototype for the Belzer kidney perfusion machine, a device that can preserve kidneys for up to 50 hours from the time they are taken from a donor's body. It is now standard equipment in hospitals and research laboratories around the world.[1][2][3]

Samuel Lee Kountz, the eldest son of a Baptist minister, J. S. Kountz, was born in LexaArkansas, in 1930. He first became interested in medicine at the age of eight, when he accompanied an injured friend to a local hospital for emergency treatment. He was so moved by the doctors' ability to relieve his friend's suffering that he decided from that moment to become a physician.[4] He completed his early education in Lexa, then spent three years at a Baptist boarding school for young people considering the ministry. He later graduated from Morris Booker College High School in Dermott, Arkansas (Chicot County).[5] Although the school provided him with the discipline he needed, its academic program was inadequate, and he was forced to take remedial courses before gaining admission to the Agricultural, Mechanical and Normal College of Arkansas (now the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff). After much improvement, he graduated third in his class in 1952.
During his senior year, Kountz had met Senator J. William Fulbright, who had once been president of the University of Arkansas. Impressed by Kountz's energy and enthusiasm, Fulbright asked him what he planned to do following graduation. Kountz told him that he hoped to attend a black medical school, where he could realize his lifelong dream of becoming a surgeon. Fulbright urged him to consider the medical school at the University of ArkansasLittle Rock, instead. Kountz applied but was rejected; he spent the next two years completing graduate work in chemistry at the university's Fayetteville campus. Then, on the basis of his accomplishments, he was awarded a full medical scholarship, and in 1954 became the first black student to be admitted to the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
Kountz completed a master's degree in chemistry in 1956; two years later he received his M.D. He spent the next year as an intern with the highly competitive Stanford Service of San Francisco General Hospital, and, in 1959, he began his surgical training at the Stanford University School of Medicine. It was at Stanford that he studied the field of organ transplantation, and decided to make transplant surgery his life's work. He was still a resident in 1961, when he made medical history by performing the first kidney transplant using a non-twin donor. Among Kountz's other contributions were the discovery that large doses of the steroid drug methylprednisolone could reverse acute rejection of a transplanted kidney, and that re-implantation (the implantation of a second donor kidney at the earliest indication that the first might be rejected) could mean the difference between the death and survival for transplant patients. A tireless proponent of organ donation, he once performed a kidney transplant on live television, The Today Show, in 1976, inspiring some 20,000 viewers to offer their kidneys to patients who needed them. In addition, his groundbreaking research in the area of tissue typing helped improve the results of kidney transplantation and led to the increased use of kidneys from unrelated donors.
Kountz was appointed Professor of Surgery and Chairman of the Department at the State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, New Yorkbeginning in 1972 and Surgeon-in-Chief of Kings County Hospital. The University of Arkansas awarded him the honorary Juris Doctor in 1973. He developed the largest kidney transplant research and training program in the country at the University of California, San Francisco.
At the time of his death, he had personally performed some 500 kidney transplants, the most performed by any physician in the world at that time.[6][7]

Intern, Stanford Service, San Francisco General Hospital, 1958–59; assistant resident, department of surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1959–62; Bank of AmericaGiannini fellow, Hammersmith HospitalLondon, 1962–63; Stanford University School of Medicine, senior resident, department of surgery, 1963–64, chief resident, 1964–65, instructor, department of surgery, 1965–66; visiting Fulbright Award professor, United Arab Republic, 1965–66; assistant professor, department of surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1966–67; associate professor, department of surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, 1967–72, professor, 1972; professor and chairman, department of surgery, State University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklyn, and chief of general surgery, Kings County Hospital Center, 1972-77.

Over the years, produced close to 100 articles and investigative reports and co-authored dozens more. He has been a recipient of the Young Investigator's Award, American College of Cardiology, 1964; Diplomat, American Board of Surgeons, 1966; Lederle Medical Faculty Award, 1967; Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, University of California, San Francisco, 1970; Honorary Doctor of Laws, University of Arkansas, 1973; Honorary Doctor of Laws, Howard University, 1975, and the Fulbright Award[8]

While on a lecture tour in South Africa in 1977, Dr. Kountz contracted a crippling brain disease that left him neurologically impaired and confined to his bed, unable to communicate, or care for himself, for the rest of his life. His illness was never diagnosed, and he died on December 23, 1981, at the age of 51. In July 1980 the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People presented an Afro- Academic, Technological, and Scientific Olympics program award, which is a special high school science award for African American students, in his honor. Five years later the World's First International Symposium on Renal (kidney) Failure and Transplantation in Blacks was dedicated to his memory.

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